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**Tyrannosaurus Rex**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Tyrannosaurus rex*
**SIZE**: 40 feet long, 12 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 9 tons
**DIET**: Carnivore
**ERA**: Late Cretaceous
Apex predator of its time, T. rex boasted bone-crushing jaws with 60 serrated teeth. Its tiny a...rms contrasted with massive hind limbs built for sprinting. Fossil evidence suggests it hunted live prey and scavenged, dominating forests and floodplains.
**Velociraptor**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Velociraptor mongoliensis*
**SIZE**: 6 feet long, 2 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 33 pounds
**DIET**: Carnivore
**ERA**: Late Cretaceous
Swift and cunning, this feathered predator used curved toe claws to pin prey. Pack hunting tactics and keen intelligence made it a formidable hunter across arid deserts. Contrary to films, it was turkey-sized but no less lethal.
**Triceratops**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Triceratops horridus*
**SIZE**: 30 feet long, 10 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 12 tons
**DIET**: Herbivore
**ERA**: Late Cretaceous
With three facial horns and a bony frill, Triceratops defended against predators like T. rex. Herds grazed on low-growing plants, using beak-like mouths to shred tough vegetation.
**Brachiosaurus**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Brachiosaurus altithorax*
**SIZE**: 85 feet long, 43 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 62 tons
**DIET**: Herbivore
**ERA**: Late Jurassic
Towering over treetops, this sauropod used its giraffe-like neck to browse conifers. Hollow bones reduced weight, while massive legs supported its bulk. Nostrils atop its head may have cooled its brain.
**Stegosaurus**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Stegosaurus stenops*
**SIZE**: 30 feet long, 14 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 5 tons
**DIET**: Herbivore
**ERA**: Late Jurassic
Known for diamond-shaped plates along its spine and a spiked tail, Stegosaurus regulated temperature with blood vessels in its armor. Small brain but a peaceful grazer, it thrived in fern-filled floodplains.
**Ankylosaurus**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Ankylosaurus magniventris*
**SIZE**: 33 feet long, 5 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 8 tons
**DIET**: Herbivore
**ERA**: Late Cretaceous
A walking tank, its body was encased in bony plates. A club-like tail could shatter predator bones. Low-slung and wide, it cropped ferns and avoided confrontation.
**Pteranodon**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Pteranodon longiceps*
**SIZE**: 20-foot wingspan
**WEIGHT**: 55 pounds
**DIET**: Piscivore
**ERA**: Late Cretaceous
Not a dinosaur but a flying reptile, Pteranodon soared coastal cliffs. Toothless beak scooped fish from seas. Males sported dramatic crests for display.
**Spinosaurus**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Spinosaurus aegyptiacus*
**SIZE**: 50 feet long, 18 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 7 tons
**DIET**: Carnivore
**ERA**: Late Cretaceous
Larger than T. rex, this semi-aquatic predator had a crocodile-like snout and sail-backed spine. Webbed feet and dense bones aided swimming, hunting fish and small dinosaurs.
**Diplodocus**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Diplodocus carnegii*
**SIZE**: 90 feet long, 16 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 16 tons
**DIET**: Herbivore
**ERA**: Late Jurassic
Whip-like tail and elongated neck allowed Diplodocus to strip leaves from high branches. Herds migrated vast distances, swallowing stones to grind vegetation.
**Allosaurus**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Allosaurus fragilis*
**SIZE**: 32 feet long, 12 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 2.5 tons
**DIET**: Carnivore
**ERA**: Late Jurassic
Apex predator before T. rex, Allosaurus had blade-like teeth and hinged jaws for tearing flesh. Fossilized battle scars suggest frequent clashes with Stegosaurus.
**Parasaurolophus**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Parasaurolophus walkeri*
**SIZE**: 31 feet long, 10 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 3 tons
**DIET**: Herbivore
**ERA**: Late Cretaceous
Crested skull housed nasal passages for trumpeting calls heard miles away. Herds communicated while foraging, using duck-like bills to chew tough plants.
**Compsognathus**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Compsognathus longipes*
**SIZE**: 3 feet long, 1 foot tall
**WEIGHT**: 7 pounds
**DIET**: Carnivore
**ERA**: Late Jurassic
One of the smallest dinosaurs, this chicken-sized predator hunted insects and lizards. Agile and fast, it relied on speed and sharp vision to avoid larger threats.
**Iguanodon**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Iguanodon bernissartensis*
**SIZE**: 33 feet long, 10 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 4 tons
**DIET**: Herbivore
**ERA**: Early Cretaceous
Thumb spikes defended against predators, while hoof-like toes supported its weight. Early dinosaur discovery, it chewed plants with cheek teeth—a rarity among reptiles.
**Pachycephalosaurus**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis*
**SIZE**: 15 feet long, 6 feet tall
**WEIGHT**: 1 ton
**DIET**: Herbivore
**ERA**: Late Cretaceous
Domed skull up to 10 inches thick suggests head-butting contests for mates. Bipedal and agile, it browsed fruits and seeds in dense woodlands.
**Archaeopteryx**
**SCIENTIFIC NAME**: *Archaeopteryx lithographica*
**SIZE**: 1.6 feet long
**WEIGHT**: 2 pounds
**DIET**: Omnivore
**ERA**: Late Jurassic
Famous "missing link" between dinosaurs and birds. Feathers and wing structure hint at limited flight. Clawed wings and toothed beak reflect its reptilian ancestry.
